During the austral summer of 2000/01 a census of breeding King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) and Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) was carried out in the Falkland Islands. Results from this census were compared with those from the previous census of 1995/96. The number of King Penguin chicks decreased by 19% from 339 to 275, which is probably a reflection of variable breeding success, rather than a decline in breeding pairs. The number of Gentoo Penguins increased by 79%, from 64,426 breeding pairs in 1995/96 to 115,327 breeding pairs in 2000/01. The Rockhopper Penguin numbers appeared to be stable, with 286,964 breeding pairs in 2000/01 compared to 263,590 breeding pairs in 1995/96 (the difference being within the error margin).